The Number One Killer of Children Under the Age of 15 is Almost Always Preventable

(ARA) - Before you hit the open road, there are a few things you need to take care of. You need to make sure your engine is running smoothly, your tires are properly inflated, and if youll be traveling with children, you have the equipment to keep them properly restrained.

According to the Centers for Disease Control, traffic crashes are the number one killer of young children. In 2002, 2,542 children ages 15 and younger died in car crashes; another 294,000 were injured. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) statistics show nearly half of the deaths and injuries occurred because the children were not properly restrained.

One of the biggest problems were seeing is that parents graduate their children from car seats to seatbelts when they should really be in booster seats, says Elly Martin, who is a spokesperson for the NHTSA. Weve also seen a number of cases where children who are in car seats are not very well secured.

Every state requires that infants and children ride buckled up. However, state laws do not always require the safest way to transport a child. So what is the safest way? The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that infants always ride in the back seat -- in car seats that can only be used rear-facing until they are at least a year old and 20 pounds.

One of the biggest mistakes weve seen parents make is switching their child to a forward facing car seat too soon. Just because your baby has turned a year old or is over 20 pounds doesnt mean theyre ready. They must achieve both milestones before the switch is made, says Jeff Beyer, senior vice president and chief communications officer of Farmers Insurance.

There are a number of car seats on the market that are considered safe for babies at the in-between stage. So-called convertible car seats can be used as rear facing until the child is up to 35 pounds, or forward facing until they are around 40 pounds. They typically come with three different types of restraints: 5-point harness, T-shield, and overhead shield.

When your child reaches the top weight or height allowed for his or her car seat, that doesnt mean its time for them to switch over to a regular seatbelt. At 3 or 4 years of age, most children are still too short to be safely secured by a seatbelt. If they are not at least 4 feet 9 inches tall, they need the added protection of a booster seat, says Beyer.

* Making Sure Seats are Safely Secured

Pediatricians have done a good job spreading the word about the Academys recommendations, and the statistics show parents are listening. The number of fatal accidents involving children dropped from 2,603 in 2001 to 2,542 in 2002.

We are very heartened by improvements in child safety seat use by Americans; however, there is still room for improvement if every child is to travel safely on our roadways, says Martin.

Despite their best intentions, parents dont always install the seats properly, says Beyer. In the New Parents section of its Web site, Farmers Insurance has numerous tips regarding the proper installation of car seats.

Infant Seats

* Must be used in a rear facing position until child is at least 12 months old and weighs at least 20 pounds

* Never place this type of seat in front of an airbag. The preferred location is in the back seat in the middle of the car.

* Never hold your baby in your lap when the vehicle is in motion.

* Your childs head should be at least 1 inch below the top of the child seat.

* Rear facing infant seats reduce the risk of fatal injury in a car crash by 71 percent.

Toddler Seats

* Should be in the forward facing position for children between 20 and 40 pounds and over 1 year of age.

* When using the seat in a forward-facing position, always use the highest of the three sets of slots provided with this seat for the harness.

* If using this seat in a rear-facing position, the harness should come out of the center or lowest slots.

* The harness should fit snugly with room for no more than one finger between the harness and your childs collarbone.

* Forward-facing safety seats for toddlers reduce the fatality risk by 54 percent.

Booster Seats

* Use forward facing only.

* High-back booster with built-in harness: for children between 30 and 40 pounds. Harness should be replaced by adult lap and shoulder belt when child reaches 40 pounds.

* Belt positioning booster seats: for children between 40 and 80 pounds and up to four feet nine inches. Never use with only the lap belt -- use with shoulder and adult lap belt together. Shoulder belt should cross chest, never over stomach. Make sure belt fastens without extra slack.

Another common mistake parents can make is not properly securing the seat itself in their vehicle. It is estimated that 8 out of 10 seats on American roads are improperly installed. Seat Check, a national organization that works with Toys R Us, the NHTSA, and several other sponsors holds regular free inspection clinics that can give parents piece of mind.

To find a child seat inspection station in your area, log onto www.seatcheck.org, or call (866) SEATCHECK. You can find car seat installation and other child safety advice on the Farmers Insurance Web site: www.farmers.com.

Courtesy of ARA Content





About the author:

Courtesy of ARA Content

Entertaining suggestions for busy momsNC(NC)Doctor, arbiter, coach, chauffeur, entertainer, cook it's Mom! Every mother knows it's a juggling act to get through the daily routine and still find some time to sleep much less entertain. So what does Mom do when company is knocking at the door? Whether it's a casual midweek dinner, a large weekend gathering or a few friends gathering to talk to about the day, entertaining can be a stressful time for most moms with everything else on their plate. Hamilton Beach, makers of quality small appliances, offers the following suggestions for busy moms this holiday season.

1) Prepare dishes that can be frozen ahead of time and then warmed up the day or night of your party.

2) Keep it casual - serve buffet style so you sit down faster and everyone can choose what they like best.

3) Use appliances that keep your hands free for little ones put a pot roast with potatoes and carrots in your slowcooker and you have the whole day for your usual routine. Just before guests arrive put a couple of small pizzas in your toaster oven for picky eaters (all kids love pizza). Ice cream and coffee for dessert what could be easier. The Hamilton Beach BrewstationTM lets you dispense coffee with one hand and the coffee stays hot in the thermal dispenser in case the party continues later than expected.

4) Remember to include the kids in the planning. Create a theme and let the kids help you plan the menu make it fun for everyone and it won't be as much work.

For great recipes and great products visit www.hamiltonbeach.com.

- News Canada
About the author:

News Canada

Holiday gift ideas for that person on your list who has everything!NC(NC)Who's the person in your life that has everything your aunt, your mom and dad, your boss? Holiday shopping for that person can be a stressful event, especially around the holiday season. If you're tired of not knowing what gifts to get your friends and family for the holiday, let Dirt Devil help you find the right present for the right person, every time. Dirt Devil has new, unique and affordable gift items that are sure to be used and appreciated all year long.

Under $60

The perfect gift for that person who's always on the fast track is the Dirt Devil Sweeper VacTM with Swiffer. The new Sweeper Vac with Swiffer combines two innovative technologies: the popular Swiffer and a powerful cordless vacuum from Dirt Devil. The Swiffer electrostatic cloth captures the small stuff like dust, allergens, and pet hair while the powerful Dirt Devil vacuum gets all the bigger dirt and debris. No more brooms and dustpans because it gets the line of dirt that other more conventional tools leave behind. Plus, its unique swivel head design makes it easy to get into tight spots including along baseboards, under tables, in corners, and around toilets. A great gift for around $59.99.

Under $70

Looking for the perfect gift for the family with kids, pets, and therefore inevitable messes? With the kids home from school for the holidays, you might find that your floors need to be cleaned more frequently. An ideal gift for quick pick-ups in between regular cleaning is the new Power Stick from Dirt Devil. Cleaning hard floor surfaces in the past has been bothersome with other less effective or hard-to-manage stick vacs. However, the new Power Stick boasts 12 amps and 1440 watts of pure cleaning power- that's 1.5 times the power of any other stick vac on the market. Better yet, it weighs in at only 6 pounds! With a sturdy, lightweight design, the Power Stick is ideal for cleaning all hard floor surfaces, including hardwood, tile, marble and linoleum. And it's available for under $70.

- News Canada
About the author:

News Canada

Adding Flash 4 to your website

Greater Washington D.C. A Great Place to Live

Metropolitan D.C. & Northern Virginia -- A great place to live

According to Northern Virginia Association of Realtors' Realtor Update Magazine, recent statistics show that the D.C. Region is the Place to Live, Learn, Thrive

The report points to the 2006 Regional Report by the Greater Washington Initiative which states that the Washington Metro area was among the best in the nation in 2005 in terms of job cration, economic growth and quality school systems. Greater Washington is now the fourth most populous metropolitan region in the nation, trailing only New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago!

The article details that unlike those areas, the Washington D.C. metro population is expected to increase 8.5 percent by 2010

Greater Washington generated 270,800 jobs during the past five years, more than any other major meto area, with an unemployment rate of 3.4% in 2005, far below the national average of 5.1%. Thirteen of the area's high schools are in Newsweek's Top 100 ranking. Greater Washington has a higher percentage of PhDs than any other metro area.

Ours is also a region of great diversity. Fairfax County has a higher density of foreign-born residents than Chicago, New York, or San Francisco. Minorities will comprise 46 percent of the population in Greater Washington by 2010. Twenty percent of area residents speak a language at home besides English.

Greater Washington's 2005 median household income was $72,799 -- the wealthies of any large metro area.

All those statistics confirm what many of us already knew -- Northern Virginia is a great place to live. That's why owning a home here is a great investment!

For additional information about the report visit http://www.greaterwashington.org

Brian Block is a Realtor with RE/MAX Allegiance in Alexandria, Virginia and a real estate attorney in Northern Virginia. He can be reached by e-mail at brian@brianblock.com. Find out the latest about the Northern Virginia real estate market at http://www.virginiarealestatenews.com and visit Brian's website at http://www.brianblock.com for the latest homes on the market.

Diving to Win Advantageous Football Decisions in the Premier League

Steve Merril's Wednesday Fullcourt Report (Jan. 11)

A huge college basketball card for Wednesday night as conference action is now in full swing. Two of the biggest matchups take place on ESPN national television. Michigan State returns home after back-to-back road losses to face Indiana, while Maryland faces their biggest rival, Duke, on the road.

INDIANA at MICHIGAN STATE (-5 ?, 146 ?) (ESPN)

The BIG 10 is shaping up as the most competitive conference in the country this season with at least six legitimate Top 25 programs. Both Indiana and Michigan State qualify in this grouping, along with Illinois, Wisconsin, Iowa, and Ohio State.

The Spartans were a preseason #1 pick by many handicappers, but have struggled so far this season with four losses already versus Hawaii, Gonzaga, Illinois, and Wisconsin. The Spartans lost both road games last week and shot just 36 percent versus the Illini and only 35 percent versus the Badgers.

Michigan State is a perfect 8-0 SU at home this season, but remain over-priced as evident by their 2-4 ATS mark in those home games. The biggest problem has been a terrible perimeter defense that has allowed 42 percent shooting from three-point range at home this season. Overall, Michigan State is allowing 38 percent from long range (versus opponents that average just 34 percent overall).

Indiana is an excellent shooting club and the Hoosiers are averaging an incredible 48 percent this season from three-point range (versus opponents that allow just 35 percent). The Hoosiers have one of the most explosive offenses in the nation and have shot 49 percent or higher from the field in ten of their twelve games this season. Overall, Indiana averages 81 points per game and 53 percent shooting (versus opponents that allow just 67 points and 44 percent on average).

Indiana also has a strong defense that allows just 65 points and 40 percent shooting this season (versus opponents that average 71 points and 45 percent overall). The Hoosiers are coming off back-to-back home wins over Michigan and Ohio State, but Indiana failed to cover both games, going 2-0 SU and 0-2 ATS.

Home court has been strong in this series with the home team going 10-1 SU and 8-3 ATS over the past eleven head-to-head meetings.

MARYLAND at DUKE (-14, 156) (ESPN)

This has been one of the greatest rivalries in college basketball over the past decade as these schools have met thirteen times in the past five years with Duke holding a narrow 7-6 SU advantage. However, Maryland is a strong 9-4 ATS in those games and the Terps have gone a perfect 3-0 SU/ATS in the three most recent head-to-head meetings, winning all three games outright as an underdog of +9, +12 ?, and +3 ? points.

Duke is currently the #1 ranked team in the nation and the Blue Devils are coming off an impressive 82-64 road win at Wake Forest on Sunday. Duke has shot 53 percent or higher in five of their past six games and overall they are averaging 52 percent from the field this season (versus opponents that allow just 40 percent overall).

Maryland is a strong offensive team as the Terps average 48 percent shooting (versus opponents that allow just 43 percent). Maryland is also strong from long-range as they hit 38 percent of their three-point shots.

Duke is averaging 40 percent (versus opponents that allow just 33 percent) from beyond the arc, but the biggest difference between these two clubs is perimeter defense as Duke allows just 25 percent from three-point range, while Maryland allows 35 percent.

Maryland had played four away games on neutral courts this season, but they had not play a true road game on an opponent's home court until this past Saturday when they lost 84-70 as a 3-point road favorite at Miami-Fla.

About the Author

Steve Merril is a documented member of the Professional Handicappers League.

Car Seat Selection Tips

Its important to choose a car seat designed for your childs age and weight to give him or her the best chance of escaping injury in a crash. There are three main types of car seats -- infant car seats, infant/toddler convertible car seats, and booster seats. Below are the facts about car seat options and some tips for making educated purchasing decisions for each car-seat type:

If your baby is less than a year old, he or she must ride in a rear-facing car seat.

One choice is to buy a rear-facing infant car seat (suitable for babies up to 20lbs), that will fit your baby snugly during the first few months and often comes with a handle for easy carrying. And, if youre looking for the utmost in convenience, select a travel system. Infant travel systems include a ready made car seat and stroller combination.

The downside to the infant car seat is that youll spend $60 to $150 on the seat and your child will outgrow it in 6 months to a year. Youll have to upgrade to a convertible car seat once your baby reaches 20 lbs. If this is a concern for you, you can buy a convertible car seat that will face the rear for your newborn and can turn around to face the front for your baby once he or she reaches 20 lbs.

However, some parents feel that their newborn is swimming in a convertible car seat and prefer to use an infant car seat until their baby gets big enough to sit in a front-facing car seat.

No matter what you decide to use for your infant, youll eventually need a convertible car seat.

Regardless of the choice you make as to whether to use a convertible car seat from day one or use an infant car seat until your baby weighs 20 lbs, youll need to buy a convertible car seat at some point. Convertible car seats are larger than infant-only car seats and are designed to grow with your child through the toddler years. Most convertible car seats fit babies up to 40 lbs (usually around age 4) and some convert to a booster car seat and are safe for children up to 80 lbs.

Convertible car seats range in price from $80 to $300.

For toddlers weighing more than 40 lbs and big kids, youll need a booster car seat.

By Bob Russell

Booster car seats are designed for children age 3 or older who weigh at least 40 lbs. They are designed to use your cars lap and shoulder seat belts. They literally boost your child into a position that makes it safe to use the cars seat belt system.

Booster car seats are essential to your childs safety because using your cars seat belts on a child without a booster seat can actually cause injury. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) recommends that children whove outgrown their convertible car seats use a booster car seat until they are 8 years old and 4 feet 9 inches tall.

Some booster seats provide back support and you should choose one of these options if your vehicle seat is low or has no head restraint. A backless option is fine for vehicle seats that offer plenty of support behind the head.

Booster car seats range in price from $60 to $200.

Little Ideas To Increase Your Rents And Keep Your Tenants

Your tenant living in your investment property is really a business partner for you. The best way to ensure you have a good relationship with your tenant is look after them. Basically they are happy paying their rent and getting on living and enjoying their life. Most of the renters I have come across live from week to week. They have a mind set generally that locks them into long term renting. This is a benefit to you that you need to take full advantage of.

So what I find to be the best scenario is to keep them happy and make their life as comfortable as possible. When they are in this comfort zone they typically always pay their rent and just as importantly they will look after your real estate investment. These two keys are critical to putting each property on auto pilot. This makes your life easier and also your property manager?s job easier as well.

There are small repairs and fix ups you can do to the property that will make your tenant happier. A good example is installing a light, heater and fan unit to the bathroom. This will keep the people warm when using the bathroom. Also it will stop the room fogging up in winter time, which will stop the build up of mould on the walls and ceilings. The tenant is happy and you are looking after your investment property and by adding a time and labour saving piece of equipment. This also adds value to the property. And the tenant will be happy to pay you five dollars a week extra in rent when you explain the benefits to them.

Another good add on I like to use is, a garden shed. The men these days love to tinker around in their sheds. This is becoming popular with the ladies as well. With this one you are adding a lot of value to your investment property and you will have no trouble at all getting an increase in the rent. The tenants will love you. It gives better storage space and helps keep the place look neat and tidier. Another added bonus to both you and your tenant.

By using creative strategies like these, you are able to leverage yourself. It will only be a little bit on each example but every little bit helps. When you have multiple real estate investment properties, then you start to see the benefits of leveraging. It works the same as compounding interest.

To your investing success
Leo Love
www.therealestateinvester.com
PS If any of your family or friends is interested please pass this on to them.

http://www.therealestateinvester.com

I am an experienced and passionate investor. I buy typical mum and dad type houses that give me cash flow and capital growth. My website offers helpful tips and ideas for any type of investor to help you with your wealth creation. Using my site will help to prevent you falling into the traps the inexperienced investors do.

Mazda: Prepping Up For China Auto Show

Auto makers are surely prepping up their collection of vehicles that would go on display on whatever automobile or car show there is. And one international brand, Mazda, is making the Auto China 2006 no exception.

The Mazda Motor Corporation just most recently announced that during the Auto China 2006 which will be held in the Asian city of Beijing, the company would be exhibiting not only some of its top production vehicles but the company would also be showing off a couple of its concept vehicles. There would be two Mazda concept vehicles that would be gracing the show. One is the Mazda SASSOU which the Mazda B20 pickup parts creator claims to be an innovative concept vehicle that comes as a hatchback with three doors. Another concept vehicle from the auto manufacturer would be the sports car concept Mazda SENKU. The Mazda SENKU is claimed to hold a rotary engine and holds four seats. Plus, the company also does say that this one is going to be the kind of vehicle the future will have.

Both these concept vehicles are fairly new. The Mazda SASSOU was actually built and designed in the company?s Europe design center. In fact, this concept vehicle is going to make its Asian debut at the Auto China 2006 event. As per the Mazda SENKU, this one was created in the Japan center and it has already been introduced to the motoring public during last year?s Tokyo Motor Show.

Aside from the mentioned vehicles, this motor show will also be the very event where the company would also be using its new international motor show stand design for a motor show in China. According to Mazda, they would be doing such so as to let everybody else see that the company is focused on showing off their global brand message which is the Zoom-Zoom.

So what other vehicles are going to be part of the Mazda troop?

Aside from the two previously mentioned concept vehicles, another concept vehicle to grace the show would be the Mazda5 Hydrogen RE Hybrid which would be making its China premiere. Reference vehicles that would be joining the show are the Mazda5, and the Mazda MX-5 Power Retractable Hard Top. Technical vehicles that show off the kind of technology the company has are the Hydrogen RE Hybrid Engine cut model, the RENESIS engine cut model, and the Smart Idling Stop System Engine cut model. Vehicles already in the market would be the Mazda3, the Mazda6, and the Mazda RX-8.

Margaret Adams is the present manager of the largest auto manufacturing in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This 35 year old maiden is a certified car enthusiast. You can visit Mazda B20 pickup parts for more information.

The History Of Coffee Houses

When you want to go to exchange news, share ideas and get advice, you go to a coffee shop. It has been that way for quite some time. Coffee shops had been places of learning; of making business deals; scientific, literary, political, philosophical, and economic discussions; and even the typical gossip.

In the earliest point of its history, coffee houses were already so popular that ideas born from there have been a source of political forums and discussions ever since. The inspiration of brilliant thinking is to the point that, at times, kings and nobility used it as a method of determining public opinion.

During the 17th century when coffee was introduced to Europe, the popularity of cafes followed the same pattern as most coffee houses around the world. It quickly became a venue for people to congregate, exchange views, write poems, plays, and political testaments, conduct business transactions, participate in cultural exchange and often relax with a good book. In those earlier days when were the were no postal addresses, the popularity of coffee shop had also served as a mailing address, because many people were regulars.

A typical coffeehouse shares a common characteristic with a bar or a restaurant. They differ in that a coffeehouse focuses on serving coffee, teas and snacks. In some countries, however, a coffeehouse does serve hot meals, deserts, sandwiches, soups, and alcohol, aside from bakery products.

Today, coffeehouses continue the tradition set by coffeehouses of the past. They still remain to be a very popular venue for people who would want relaxed and calm atmospheres where they can talk, read, catch up on the day's event, meet with people and have excellent quality coffee. This desire is evidenced by popular coffeehouses with franchises around the globe such as Starbucks, Seattle's Best Coffee, Peet's, Cup O' Joe, The Second Cup and the Coffee Bean.

Depending on the country and region, coffeehouses have adopted variations. In the United States, coffeehouses or cafes may offer a variety of coffee styles, hot chocolate and teas served as well as light snacks while others serve full menus. Alcoholic beverages may also be offered.

Cafes in France almost always serve alcoholic drinks. Like most cafes anywhere in the world, they serve light snacks. Other coffeehouses may have a restaurant area where the guests could be served from the full menus. The popularity of cafes in France, especially Paris, gave way to subtle coffeehouse variations like the brasserie where single dish meals are typically served, and the bistro.

The cafe experience in Europe spawned other variations of coffeehouses around the world. These coffeehouses offer curb-side seating and other outdoor seating like the sidewalk, pavement or terraces. The seating is usually clustered along busy streets and operated by private local establishments that could very closely resemble parties, especially during weekends.

These patio coffeehouses provide more open public spaces commonly preferred by customers wanting an airy and very casual atmosphere for relaxation and conversation.

Recently, a new type of coffeehouse entered the industry: the Internet cafe. Internet cafes may not appear to be your typical coffeehouse like the bistro, brasserie, cafeteria and the coffee chain establishments but they certainly share the same basic characteristics. Coffee, tea and chocolate are served together with light snacks and chatter. The chatting, though, is done online.

It may or may not replace the traditional coffee shops, but nevertheless, Internet cafes are a hub for political exchange, learning, journalistic, literary and commercial enterprise. Only the styles of coffee shops have changed over the centuries, but in respect to why people frequent them, nothing has really changed.

About the Author:

Christopher Anderson contributes to several web magazines, on shopping ideas and product tips issues.

Texas Real Estate Commissions

TREC or Texas Real Estate Commission is a government body that was created in 1949 to administer four specific laws such as real estate license act, real estate inspector act, residential service company act and Texas timeshare act.

TREC regulates activities of real estate brokers, salespeople, inspectors, residential service companies, timeshare developers and education providers for real estate and inspection courses. Main purpose of TREC is to protect legal rights of citizens of Texas and provide them with honest, trustworthy and competent real estate service. The commission reviews programs dealing with education providers for real estate and inspection courses. It tries to identify and regulate errors and drawbacks present in it.

TREC has made it mandatory for real estate brokers and salespersons to maintain specified levels of education in order to hold a valid license to work as a real estate agent. Provisions of real estate license act and rules of Texas real estate commission are binding on all real estate agents and professionals in order to provide customers with a competent and honest service. TREC also gives licenses to real estate inspectors, agents, residential service companies and real estate schools. This commission also does registration of timeshare properties.

Texas Real Estate Commission has statutory relations with three state entities namely, real estate center at Texas A&M University, Texas department of savings and mortgage lending and Texas appraiser licensing and certification board. The commission has partnership with Texas A&M University's real estate center for conducting research along with some education projects. It also appoints two members to mortgage broker advisory committee of Department of savings and mortgage lending. Issues relating to real estate licensees and mortgage brokers are resolved by cooperating with this agency. Commission also has signed a memorandum of understanding with Texas appraiser licensing and certification board under which it provides administrative support to them, which is approved by their governing bodies.

Texas Real Estate provides detailed information on Texas Real Estate, Texas Real Estate Commissions, Austin, Texas Real Estate, Houston, Texas Real Estate and more. Texas Real Estate is affiliated with Houston Real Estate Schools.

Umbrella Strollers The Must Have!

Most parents go out and get that huge, expensive stroller that has everything a baby could possibly need on it. While this isn't a bad thing, sometimes it just isn't the best thing to haul around with you everywhere. The majority of these bigger strollers are just too bulky and don't open easy enough when you have screaming kids you are trying to control in a crowded parking lot. So what do you do?

You buy an umbrella stroller to keep in the car, that's what! These strollers are lightweight, cheap, and open with just the flick of your arm. Sure, they don't have four cup holders, and sure, they don't have a shopping cart underneath; but if you are in a hurry they can be a lifesaver.

Umbrella strollers generally range in price from ten to twenty dollars, and you can purchase them anywhere. They come in almost every color you can think of also, so you won't have to worry about having one that is just too ugly to show in public. These strollers slide easily into small spaces, like the floor board or the trunk, and are very lightweight, so you won't hurt your back or arms trying to pull them out of the car or closet and open them.

These strollers also have a very easy set up and fold down, generally this can even be done with one hand if needed. A small, red clip that is easy to see and lift is usually the only thing you will need to pull when folding up these type of strollers.

So, even if you have one of the larger, more expensive strollers, an umbrella stroller is just something that you cannot live without. They can be a lifesaver when you are in a hurry or just don't want to lug that big stroller out again.
About the Author

One Great Looking Car from Volvo

One of the characteristics car buyer tends to look for in a car is its aesthetic value - the car has to look good both inside and out. A convertible has such characteristics and it commands attention wherever it goes. That is why the convertible is one of the most beautiful car designs ever.

But owning a convertible poses trouble to the owner for the security of the car is in jeopardy if the car employs a non-metal roof. Aside from that danger, the car is also susceptible to the elements - water can enter the vehicle if the top is not in its proper place due to faulty or not strong enough engineering of the mechanism and the roof itself.

But car companies are making advances in the design off their convertible and one of these car manufacturers is Volvo. The Sweden-based Ford Motor Company owned outfit has designed their Volvo C70 with a metal roof that solves both problems posed on convertible owners of the past. While they may be using metal for their roof they have come up with a way to keep the production cost at a minimum so that the car will not be out of reach of the majority of consumers. Volvo has produced a car that looks like a coupe from the outside and feels like one on the inside with the top down.

The design of the car enables the driver to tuck the top safely in the car's trunk in less than 30 seconds. Lowering of the top is a sight to see thanks to the perfectly engineered mechanism that allows the top to be tucked in to the trunk smoothly. Not only is the mechanism for lowering the top the clever thing that the design offers. Since the top takes up almost half of the space in the trunk of the car, putting something on the trunk may pose a problem or a bit of difficulty for some convertible with metal roof. But the Volvo C70 has solved that with a mechanism that allows the user to slightly raise the top to permit loading of luggage under it before the top is lowered again.

The exterior design is not the only good thing about this convertible for the Volvo C70 boasts of adequate legroom on its front seats. But the backseats are just like what you would expect from any four-upward-seater vehicle, they are best left to children or extra space for that extra luggage that would not fit in the trunk. The aesthetic value of the convertible is high and so is its performance level, it is equipped with an able engine and a wide array of parts that helps the engine perform at its peak. And it is just like the Volvo water pump that keeps water flowing through the cooling system to maintain the engine's normal operating temperature.

Since this four-seater convertible is a Volvo, you can expect the latest and the best safety systems to be integrated into the car. All in all, the Volvo C70 combines in great quantity high engine performance level, luxurious and comfortable interior, stunning looks and a host of safety features.

About the Author

Glady Reign is a 32 year old is a consultant for an automotive firm based in Detroit, Mi. She is a native of the motor city and grew up around cars hence her expertise in the automotive field.

Being a Veterinarian Today

A veterinarian (from Latin veterinae, draught animals) is an animal doctor, a practitioner of veterinary medicine. Although veterinarians hold doctoral degrees in veterinary medicine, not all veterinarians enter clinical practice. Those that work in clinical settings practice medicine in specific fields, such as companion animal or pet medicine, reptile medicine, ratite medicine, livestock medicine, equine medicine (e.g. sports, race track, show, rodeo), or laboratory animal medicine. Other veterinarians research areas of human medicine, veterinary medicine, and pharmacology. Research veterinarians were the first to isolate oncoviruses, Salmonella species, Brucella species, and various other pathogenic agents. They also helped conquer malaria and yellow fever; solved the mystery of botulism; produced an anticoagulant used to treat human heart disease; and developed surgical techniques for humans, such as hip-joint replacement, and limb and organ transplants.

Like all physicians, veterinarians must make serious ethical decisions about their patients' care. There is ongoing debate over the ethics of performing certain controversial procedures, like declawing cats and docking tails, cropping ears, and debarking dogs. In some countries, these procedures are illegal, and therefore their practice is contentious. The Veterinarian's Oath was adopted by the American Veterinary Medical Association's House of Delegates July 1969, and amended by the AVMA Executive Board, November 1999. It goes as follows:
Being admitted to the profession of veterinary medicine, I solemnly swear to use my scientific knowledge and skills for the benefit of society through the protection of animal health, the relief of animal suffering, the conservation of animal resources, the promotion of public health, and the advancement of medical knowledge.
I will practice my profession conscientiously, with dignity, and in keeping with the principles of veterinary medical ethics.

Some veterinarians work in a field called regulatory medicine -- ensuring the nation's food safety by working with the USDA FSIS, or work by protecting us from imported exotic animal diseases by working for the USDA APHIS. The emerging field of conservation medicine involves veterinarians even more directly with human health care, providing a multidisciplinary approach to medical research that also involves environmental scientists.

More than 3,800 veterinarians in the USA currently work at veterinary schools where they teach student vets what they need to know to graduate -- teaching is another career path for a veterinarian.
Veterinary school is a tertiary educational institution, or part of such an institution, which is involved in the education of future veterinary practitioners (veterinarians). The entry criteria, structure, teaching methodology and nature of veterinary programs offered at veterinary schools vary considerably around the world. In the U.S., a doctorate of veterinary medicine degree (D.V.M.) (Or in the Veterinary Medical School at the University of Pennsylvania, a degree of veterinary medical doctor (V.M.D.) is awarded) is a four-year program. The program generally consists of 21⁄2 to 3 years of mostly traditional classroom coursework followed by the clinical rotations. Currently, unlike human medical school, a subsequent internship and/or residency are not required, but are optional to those who choose to seek further education and possible accreditation. Unsurprisingly, the number of veterinarians pursuing internships and/or residencies will continue to increase as the understanding of veterinary medicine continues to grow greater. A good veterinarian enjoys working with animals and their owners. Admission into veterinary medical school is so competitive that in the United States it is far easier to gain acceptance into either a medical school or a top Law School than to meet the GPA requirements for most veterinary schools. This situation occurs mostly because there are far fewer schools, allowing the schools to be much more selective. According to the US Department of Labor, only 1 in 3 applicants were accepted into a veterinary program in 2002. Prerequisites for admission include the undergraduate studies listed under veterinary medicine and extensive veterinary experience (typically about 500 or more hours) in private practice or other veterinary environment. The average veterinary medical student has an undergraduate GPA of 3.5 and a GRE score of approximately 1800. US graduates are awarded either a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM) or the less common Veterinary Medical Doctor (VMD) degree, depending upon the traditions of the veterinary school.

Public health medicine is another option for veterinarians. Veterinarians in government and private laboratories provide diagnostic and testing services. Some veterinarians serve as state epidemiologists, directors of environmental health, and directors of state or city public health departments. Veterinarians are also employed by the US Agriculture Research Service, Fish and Wildlife Service, Environmental Protection Agency, National Library of Medicine, and National Institutes of Health. The military also employs veterinarians in a number of capacities -- caring for pets on military bases, caring for military working animals, and controlling various arthropod-borne diseases or other such things.

Veterinary medicine is the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. Veterinary Science is concerned with the scientific basis of animal production, health and disease. It requires the acquisition and application of scientific knowledge in several disciplines and uses technical skills towards the solution of animal production, health, management and welfare problems.
Veterinary medicine is informally as old as the human/animal bond but in recent years has expanded exponentially because of the availability of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for most species. Animals nowadays often receive advanced medical, dental, and surgical care including insulin injections, root canals, hip replacements, cataract extractions, and pacemakers.

Veterinarians assist in ensuring the quality, quantity, and security of food supplies by working to maintain the health of livestock and inspecting the meat itself. Veterinary scientists are very important in chemical, biological, and pharmacological research.

In many countries, equine veterinary medicine is also a specialized field. Clinical work with horses involves mainly locomotor and orthopaedic problems, digestive tract conditions (including equine colic, which is a major cause of death among domesticated horses), and respiratory tract infections and disorders.

As in the human medical field, veterinary medicine (in practice) requires a diverse group of individuals to meet the need of patients. In addition to veterinarians, many veterinary hospitals utilize a team of veterinary nurses and veterinary assistants to completely care for healing, critical and well animals. Veterinary nurses are generally registered as veterinary technicians in most states and are legally qualified to assist veterinarians in many medical procedures. Veterinary assistants, who are not licensed by most states, but can be well-trained at facilities such as The School for Veterinary Assistants, are also becoming increasingly in-demand in the veterinary industry due to a wide range of treatments and services being offered to meet the higher expectations of pet owners in the United States.

About the Author

Freelance writer for over eleven years.

Veterinarian Uniforms Chef Uniforms Dickies Medical Uniform Scrubs

Hydration Backpacks! Which Hydration Pack Is The Right Water System For You?

Before the inception of hydration backpacks and the development of portable hydrating systems, many athletes and adventure junkies relied on the old methods of hydrating their bodies with standard water bottles and canteens.

This way of getting hydrated was sufficient at the time, but it limited their complete concentration and performance, especially during high endurance extreme sports such as mountain biking and motocross racing!

When your complete mental focus on your activity is mandatory, having to reach for a water bottle could easily take your attention away from spotting that deep unexpected hole on your mountain trail, and involving yourself in a serious fall or crash! However, having a portable hands-free hydration backpack could be considered a necessity for your safety.

These packs are not limited only to athletes taking part in extreme sports, but also for many individuals that enjoy leisure trail running, snowboarding, skiing, hunting, and also hiking. Safety of course will always be on the forefront, but having the flexibility to maintain their level of activity, without having to stop to find a necessary water source, is also an important benefit for many leisure athletes as well.

Nothing is worse than getting into your groove, your adrenaline is at its optimum level, the powdered snow is calling for you, the running trails are cooperating in your favour, or you finally tracked that animal that took you all day to find, later realizing that you have run out of fluids, and now have to find a water source to do a refill. What a bummer that would be!

Now That You Need A Personal Hydration System, Where Do You Begin?

If you have never purchased backpacks with the hydration systems before or you just don't know where to begin when you start your researching online, don't worry! Many of the online outdoor outfitters and bag suppliers that offer these systems have made it very easy for you to distinguish the difference between each pack, their function, and unique features that are tailored to your individual requirements!

They even go as far as labelling them as outdoor hydration systems, running hydration systems, snowboard backpacks, hunting packs, and the distinguished list goes on. All you need to do is answer a few questions that apply to your daily activity, and that's all it takes to determine which one is right for you.

When you're about to purchase a hydration backpack, don't base your entire decision on price alone, because even though the more expensive bags may have additional features, you may not require all those extra bells and whistles. On the other hand, you may purchase a cheaper system, later realizing that you got one that did not have all the required features that would benefit you during your desired activity.

You want to base your decision on your specific needs. Be sure that whatever hydration system you select, that you're getting one that will sufficiently hydrate your body without the pack becoming a deficit to your overall performance. The last thing you want is your pack to be too heavy, bulky, or too small, where you have to either stop for many rests, or repeatedly source out many water refill stations.

Now That I Know How Important The Right Hydration System Is To My Activity, What's Next?

Now if you're not sure what questions you need to ask, below we have come up with a small list to start you off on the right track, or in your case, the right trail!

1. Some questions you should easily answer, is how long do you plan on being out for the day, and how far away will you be from a necessary water source? This will help you determine the size of the water reservoir you need, and if you also require a backpack large enough to carry spare reservoirs for your full day of activities.

2. Another question could be for women, and the question would be: does size matter, or is comfort your #1 concern? This may sound like a silly question at first, but when you start searching for a hydration backpack, you will quickly notice they have models with special features that are specifically designed for women to accommodate the unique shape of their bodies.

3. How often do you plan on using your hydration system pack? This particular question may be very important for the individuals that are basing their decision on price. No sense spending tons of money on a sophisticated backpack system if you're only planning on using it once every six months or year.

These questions will get you started, and as you search online for your desired hydration system, the variety of styles won't be so overwhelming as more answers come to you. Now the next big question is, there are so many models out there to choose from, which one do you think is best for you?
About the Author

We will continue this discussion, and try to answer some of these questions for you in our second part of our Hydration Backpack Article #2, and we can offer you some tips on finding out which model will suite your activity and lifestyle the best.

The True Facts About Backpacks

The type of backpack that you choose for a trip is very important. Each pack has a specific function that can make a huge difference when you are out on the trail. The main two categories of backpacks are external and internal frames.
External frame backpacks are the original design of backpacks for camping. They have an exposed metal frame that the nylon pack is attached to. These packs allow for a great range of versatility because the exposed metal bars of the frame give room to strap more items on that may not fit inside the pack. It is usually only necessary that half of the people in a larger group have these packs because they can store the odd shaped items that don't need to be carried by everyone. These packs are for carrying tents, kitchen utensils and multiple sleeping bags. These bags are not quite as comfortable and are more bulky, but they have the greatest versatility of any other bag.
Internal frame backpacks have metal supports that are sewn into the fabric of the pack. It is usually made up of about three metal slats that are formed move the weight of the pack onto the shoulders and hips. Many people refer to these types of backpacks as soft packs because they have no exposed metal. They are highly recommended if you are not carrying your camping gear. These packs will offer plenty of room for your snacks, clothes, gear and personal items. There is also another type of internal frame backpack that has stiff foam instead of metal to support the weight. These packs are smaller, and they offer the best comfort. Because of their size, they are only meant for backpacking trips that will have lodging and food provided for you each night. There is not ample room for food and water supplies beyond 1 day.
The one thing that all of these packs do or should have in common is a hip strap. Just about any pack that is going to be used for an extended hike needs to have a hip strap. This is important because your hips can actually support more weight than your shoulders. This also corrects the distribution so that the spine is not pushed into an uncomfortable position that can anyone's endurance.

About the Author

David Stone is a business consultant who regularly contributes articles to various online magazines. Find more great information at http://backpack-buyer.info

Real Estate Investment Tips

Real estate investment presents optimistic cash flow along with tax benefits. However, much like any other investment niche, real estate is dependent on intricate market trends that must not be overlooked, in case the investor may undergo a major loss. Surprisingly, many of the newbie investors are keen to part with their hard earned money, devoid of carrying out a preliminary research of their investment. They also bank on intuitions and traditional trends instead of relying on a meticulous analysis. But before you risk your investment, do heed the following real estate investing advice, in order to make certain some momentous returns on your property investment.

a) Verify the seller?s credentials ? Newbie investors find a lucrative property but don?t find any inconvenience while verifying the seller?s credentials, since they are in a scurry to bag the property. They should also confirm some definite aspects as well, together with rent payment records, taxes, and other possible expenses.

b) Avoid negative cash flow ? This is an additional real estate investing advice for selecting a property that does not eat away your working capital on a standard basis and there is no point in buying a property that necessitates more money for its upkeep relative to the revenue it generates. You might also be forced to sell such a worthy asset former to the realization of any remunerations of ownership.

c) Original tenants can afford the much required information ? Ask the tenants if they are troubled by pest infestation, lack of basic amenities, or some other recurring problem. Of course you don?t want to buy a property that requires an awful lot of repair, and even if you do, you must know the problems outspoken.

d) Look for an insurance cover ? A decisive real estate investing advice is that you must have sufficient insurance coverage for your property bought recently and insurance will also offer the much needed shroud to guard your personal assets against legal actions.

e) You must charge fair rents ? No expense hurts more than what?s acquired in the upkeep of a vacant property and so arraign fair rents to make certain that your tenants affix with you for as long as you wish for. Moreover, you must also ensure that the chosen tenants are not defaulters. Verify their credentials, talk to their previous landlords, and also check their credit history.

f) Sustain a certain degree of stinginess until and unless you have a healthy source of income ? Once you have closed a profitable deal, you must ward off from going on a profligate shopping spree. Instead re-invest your profit towards another property payment on a normal basis until you conquer a significant affirmative cash flow.

On the whole, real estate investing can be an extremely profitable investment niche. But you must have a good grip of what the procedure entails, and must not leave any stone unturned. Just stick on to the real estate investing advices, and you shall be on your way to develop into a professional real estate investor. Now let us see how to value any piece of real estate. When considering real estate VALUE, whether it?s a real estate stock or a property, there are two value rules that are to be applied:

• Don't pay too much for the earth.
• Don't pay too much for the business.

As a good real estate investment rule of thumb, net rents in real estate have averaged about 1% above Treasury bonds. Once you?ve figured your P/E, it may be very different from the current nationwide fair value P/E guess of 16. If your P/E is low, you may have gotten a good deal, or you could collect high rents from your place. If your P/E is twice as high as 16, my advice is that you ought to consider selling. The tricky thing about selling real estate is that real estate is not liquid. Unlike stocks, where we have the luxury of being able to sell whenever we want and the luxury of trailing stops to get us out exactly when we want out, in real estate, it?s not so easy. You unfortunately need to be a good guesser, because you actually need to sell into an ?up? market, and buy in a down market.

Ron Victor is a SEO copywriter for http://www.real-estate-investing-information.net/

He written many articles in various topics.For more information visit http://www.real-estate-investing-information.net/
Contact him at ron.seocopywriter@gmail.com

Laptop Computer BackpackWomen's Notebook Bags

Those of you who do a lot of shopping probably know that Laptop Computer Backpacks and bags are pretty much anywhere. At many companies there are as many people who use their laptop as a normal computer. But, try to think of the last time you saw a laptop computer backpack that wasn't designed specifically for men. Does it seem like someone, or should I say women as a whole, are being left out. Many a woman has wondered I wonder if anyone makes women's laptop bags? Your cries have been heard, there is a great selection of women's laptop bags.

When I first came across a site where you could buy women's laptop bags I must admit that I was pretty surprised at how nice they were. I started to associate a laptop bag with those either designed for the guys that you would see in the board room, or those that are a little more hip for, say, younger men. But many women's laptop bags look a lot like fashionable purses or carry-alls. They are cute, look good, and still end up being a great home for you laptop or notebook.

Aside from looking great, if you are in the market for a women's laptop bag there are a few things to consider. First of all, make sure that your bag is designed to carry a notebook (aka laptop computer), and one that is a similar size to yours. There are a lot of nice, fashionable women's bags out there that could ruin your laptop if you?re not careful. Second, make sure that the bag you buy meets your needs. If you are using it for business or outdoors there would obviously be different things to consider. And finally, but just as important, make sure that the women?s laptop bag that you buy is one that you love. It would be a shame if your excitement over your new computer was lost because you didn't like your laptop bag.

While laptop computer backpacks are great, there are many women out there who shouldn't settle for a men's laptop bag, but need to investigate women's laptop bags.

Brady Quist is the owner and operator of site Laptop Computer Backpackswhich among other laptop bags and backpacks sells Women's Laptop Bags and Totes, Backpacks for every size (10, 12, 15, 15.4, 17 inch), cases, rolling cases and other types of laptop computer backpacks.

Woman's Laptop Bags and Totes

The Paradox of The Common Soul All Are One

A Word About The Common Soul

We live in a dual world. Everywhere you look outside there are opposites and polarity. Up and down, hot and cold, in and out, love and hate and the list goes on. In fact, of the many things out there, it?s hard not to find an opposite in something else. It?s simply how our world works out there. As long as you?re working in that world out there you?re in the garden of good an evil. But even in this world of opposites there are clues to the one-ness that is our soul?s connection to the common, universal soul.

Paradoxes are everywhere in life. Paradoxes are these subtle clues in the world to wake us out of the dream or illusion that everything is black and white duality. A paradox is when you?ve got two things that seem to conflict, but could possibly both be true at the same time. You see what this does? It breaks down the dual nature of something. One of the most famous paradoxes is that old riddle: ?Which came first, the chicken or the egg?? I remember my aunts and uncles teasing me with this as a child and it was a big laugh, but it?s designed to cause you to question your own origins and what you?re doing here.

Paradox is everywhere. Another great way to look at it is that a paradox is like a ?Catch-22.? This amazing phrase that made it?s way into our language because of Joseph Heller?s 1961 war novel of the same name. In it, he referred to an Air Force rule whereby a pilot continuing to fly combat missions without asking for relief is regarded as insane, but he?s considered sane enough to keep flying if he is actually able to make such a request. A catch-22 is a seemingly impossible or illogical situation. Likewise the idea that we all share one universal, common soul is a catch-22 or paradox. How can we as individual beings, apparently separate from everything else out there, share the same soul? How can we be one with everything else when clearly my physical body is separate from yours, when my thoughts and actions, my very being is unique?

Science?quantum mechanics, particularly string theory as of late, have essentially proven that all matter including you and me is made up of vibrating particles of energy. You don?t have to be a rocket scientist to understand it, either. Scientists have discovered that when you break energy down into its smallest components, even smaller than protons, neutrons and electrons; there are these tiny sub-atomic particles, which are the basic units of energy. They have funny names like quarks, bosons leptons and fermions, but the point is, that these particles of energy make up all matter?your house, that rock outside, everything you see is made up of these basic units of energy. They've further discovered that this energy tends to come together as vibrating strings of energy which lead to the make-up of our different dimensions. With string theory and now M theory it is believed that these microcosmic strings vibrating indicate that we may live in as many as eleven different dimensions!

The only thing that differentiates a rock from a piece of iron is that the two are vibrating at different frequencies. Even we, our physical bodies, are made up of the same stuff. We are all these basic units of energy and the only thing that makes us individual and different is that we?re all vibrating at different frequencies also. Just as each and every snowflake is unique, so is each and every being on this earth. This can be a real mind-bender and it is supposed to be thus. You have to take this all on faith. You can read about quantum physics and string theory and all that stuff and you?ll find out what I just told you? we?re all the same stuff. But at some point you have to jump off and take a philosophical leap and start seeing things as all coming from the same place and that?s when a paradox or catch-22 opens your mind and gives you a taste of the power of your soul.

Once you understand this, then you can go out and have the experience of being one with everything out there and sharing the same common soul? ultimately, this is love. Good luck to you on that? : ) That reminds me of the old Buddhist joke: A Buddhist walks up to a taco stand. The guy at the counter says, What'll ya have? and the monk says, Make me one with everything, please.

The greatest paradox of them all is that we?re all made up of the same basic energy yet we?re as unique as snowflakes. The ego hates this because the ego is limited. For simplicity purposes let?s just say the ego is what keeps your reality in place?the life you see before you with your eyes. The ego keeps everything separate and ordered. It classifies and judges. The ego is limited because the outer life you live is, finite, and limited. You?re born, you have some experiences and you die. The very nature of life is limited by virtue of this fact. But the mind is un-limited because it?s connected to the common soul, which is infinite. The reality you experience in every day life is a projection of the mind. Your thoughts are electromagnetic waves. Your brain sends electrical impulses to the nerves and the muscles in the body and it makes the whole thing go. So your energy follows your thought. You think something, you do it and the sum of the things you do becomes the life you experience.

The problem is between the mind and ego. The mind is unlimited because it?s connected with the common soul and the whole ball of wax. Yogi Bhajan, the great Master of Kundalini Yoga has told us that each time you blink your eyes, the mind releases a thousand thoughts and sub-chains of thoughts. So the mind has these unlimited thoughts while the ego is limited to what it can see, classify and process. That?s what the ego does, it classifies everything to keep things manageable? it keeps everything separate and dual and opposite. The mind is like an ambassador between the ego and the soul and because the mind is connected with the Common Soul, it knows that we?re all one. What happens then, is that the mind becomes torn between the ultimate truth of the soul and the limited outside world of the ego. That?s where thinking becomes limited and you have to have the experience itself. If you try and think about it too much, your mind becomes like a bird?s nest and you just have to stop thinking about it. That?s why most people don?t think about their souls and simply focus on the outside world before them. It's easier to keep track of. But when you're focused solely on the objects of your life outside you end up identifying mostly with the ego-- because the ego tells you what's separate out there, what's good and bad. That?s where meditation comes in. It?s like push-ups for the mind. When you strengthen the mind using your inner will power? yoga, sitting, breathing consciously; you can make the mind neutral, stem the tide of thoughts and that?s where the soul comes pouring in? through a neutral, one-pointed mind. This tames the ego and gives you the grace of the soul. The more meditative you become from going within, the more subtle are your actions and thus the more soulful you become.

Now in most of us, especially in the western hemisphere, the ego is in charge and runs the whole show. Because of this, it wants to go back to classifying everything as black and white duality. Every time you?re hit with a paradox in your life, it puts you at a crossroads where you have to make a choice? Duality of the ego or Universality of the soul. Every time you take that leap of faith and choose Universality and work on the assumption that we?re one common soul, you open the mind to infinity and access that unlimited power that is the energy that is in all things. The ego resists this with everything it?s got because Universality is like death to the ego and it becomes threatened with annihilation. The ego wants to manage, maintain, and run things? keep things nice and neat and separate. However, we are all given will power or free will. If your will is strong enough, then you are able to leverage the mind more and more. With practice, the mind automatically opens to the soul in every day activity and then the ego ends up working for the mind instead of the other way around. When this happens, after some practice, the entire life becomes a living meditation. The result is balance and flow. It?s like this: When you?re driving and you see a red light you don?t have to think about slowing down and stopping. You automatically put your foot on the brake without even thinking. When you have a field of activity that puts you in the flow and gives you a neutral mind, that is the practice that strengthens the mind so that your life can be come automatically meditative.

Whenever you come across a paradox or catch-22 in your life, it?s the Common Soul knocking on the door of your mind, inviting you to open it more. Connecting the common soul allows you to develop a relationship to your own soul and allows you to live out your destiny.

Patrick Lacho is an IKYTA certified Yoga instructor and writer based in Los Angeles. He teaches a yoga bootcamp http://www.ybc40.com, which takes students through a forty day transformation using yoga, meditation and sound. More articles and discussion about yoga, philosophy, spirituality and more can be found on the website.

The Fascinating History Of Backgammon

Backgammon has a long fascinating history of more than 5000 years, making it one of the oldest games in civilization. The earliest backgammon board, from an early version of the game, was found circa 3000 B.C. in the royal cemetery in Ur of the Chaldees in southern Mesopotamia(now called Iraq), the birthplace of Abraham.

The game has been played around the world and throughout recorded history. A form of the game was enjoyed by the Egyptian Pharoahs; boards dating from 1500 B.C. were found in King Tut's tomb. Wall paintingsin many Egyptian tombs portray people playing the game, indicating that it was played by the common people as well as the Pharaohs. A thousand years later, the Greeks were playing a form of the game. Homer, Sophocles, and Plato mention the game in their works. In Rome, the game long remained one of the most popular among the patricians. Emperor Claudius reportedly wrote a book on backgammon.

The excavators of Pompeii found a backgammon table in the courtyard of almost every villa. Various early versions of the game were popular in Britain, dating from the Crusades. It has always been a favourite game of the English. It is believed that the current form of the game evolved in the tenth century. Backgammon has been played in the United States since the seventeenth century.

However, the doubling cube was only introduced to the game in the early 1920s by an anonymous genius. This greatly enhanced the quality of backgammon and increased its popularity in the United States. The game had another surge of interest in the 1970s, but has waned in popularity in recent years due primarily to the advent of video and computer games.

When backgammon is played with the right people and strategy, it can be a very fascinating and addictive game for everybody. Hopefully, interest in this ancient game will increase in the near future. Perhaps, if more people discover the real game of backgammon, it will regain the popularity that it deserves.

For more information on the playing backgammon online, learning backgammon rules or getting backgammon chips, please visit the following website: Backgammon Guide
About the Author

Michigan To Hold Mass Foreclosure Sale

More than 250 homes in Michigan will be included in a mass auction, a testimony of hard times for the state and its residents.

Many Michigan homeowners have had a hard time keeping up with mortgage payments, partly due to devastating lay-offs in the auto industry. Michigan has seen a 25% increase in mortgage defaults in the last year, making it one of the hardest hit states in the country.

The homes up for auction are single-family bank-owned homes, condos and duplexes. The majority of the homes are located within 60 miles of Detroit. Prices are expected to be between $15,000 and $450,000.

Prospective bidders can go online to view the homes.

Across the country, defaults are currently on the rise. Industry experts say that the increases in interest rates, slowing appreciation and reversal of a formerly strong market has left many homeowners with little choice but to default.

Advisors have warned against many nontraditional loan options in the past few years. There are two main causes against low rate adjustable-rate mortgages and option ARMs. The first is that when the rate resets, the payment can often double in size. Many homeowners are stretching to get into the home in the first place. They find that they are unable to make the payment.

This is when the second factor comes into play. Due to the structuring of the mortgage -- where most, and with option ARMs all -- of the first years of payments go to the interest portion of the bill. Those who put little or no money down and haven't lived in the home for ten years are left with very little equity in the home. If the price hasn't had time to appreciate, they may be unable to sell the home for what they owe on it. With no money to bring to closing, they are forced to default on the mortgage.

Martin Lukac represents http://www.RateEmpire.com and http://www.1AmericanFinancial.com, a finance web-company specializing in real estate and mortgage rates. We specialize in daily updates, mortgage news, rate predictions, mortgage rates and more. Find low home loan mortgage interest rates from hundreds of mortgage companies!

How Do Restrictive Covenants Affect the Buyers of Homes for Sale?

Restrictive covenants (also called deed covenants) have been affecting buyers of real estate for as long as property has been transferring ownership. Such covenants are a condition of sale for real property, placed on the buyer by the seller or passed on from previous owners. By purchasing the property, the buyer agrees to abide by these restrictions on the use of the property.

Restrictive covenants are especially important to buyers of homes for sale; since they, like zoning laws, restrict how you may use your own property. Where city officials enforce public zoning laws, private parties enforce restrictive covenants ? generally a homeowners association or individuals who are affected by violations.

Restrictive homes for sale covenants protect the value of the home, itself, as well as the properties surrounding it. Some homes for sale covenants protect the people who live in close proximity to the property, such as other condominium or townhouse owners.

In earlier and not so charitable times, such covenants restricted to whom you could sell your home. Upscale areas of a city wanted to keep their neighborhoods free of particular races or ethnic groups. In the ?50s and ?60s, such covenants were deemed unconstitutional by the 5th and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, as well as unlawful by federal and state statutes.

Now, such homes for sale covenants are imposed to maintain a certain character and appearance of the neighborhood. Some examples are not being able to erect a chain link fence around your home, satellite dishes must be out-of-sight (a hard thing to do, if they are to function properly), you cannot park recreational vehicles at your home, or you cannot pitch a tent in your backyard for your children. Some homes for sale covenants are very restrictive ? for example, you cannot leave your trashcan in the street for more than one hour after trash pickup. Some homes for sale covenants dictate the maximum length of your grass or the exterior color of your home. Some control such mundane things as what type of pet you can own (if any), and during which hours of the day you can vacuum your carpets.

Violations of homes for sale covenants have serious consequences. You may be fined for most offenses; however, costly lawsuits have occurred from unresolved violations.

It is not the seller?s responsibility to alert a buyer to restrictive covenants on homes for sale. The restrictive covenants generally are on file with the county in which the homes for sale is located. During the purchase process, a title search or abstract update should expose and highlight any covenants for the buyer and his/her real estate attorney to review before the purchase of the homes for sale.

Unfortunately, this process does not occur until after a homes for sale buyer has made an offer. That means a buyer always should check for restrictive covenants BEFORE making an offer on a homes for sale, or AT LEAST make the offer subject to review and acceptance of all covenants.

John Harris is an expert researcher and writer on real estate topics such as economics, credit improvement tips, home selling advice and home buying preparations. For more on San Diego Homes for Sale visit http://www.twtrealestate.com

Breast Cancer Risks and Prevention Tips

One risk factor for breast cancer is hormone stimulation. One way to stimulate hormones is hormone replacement therapy. Hormone replacement therapy was a popular treatment for women going through menopause. It was used to control the mood swings and other menopause symptoms. The hormone commonly being replaced was estrogen, with progesterone sometimes being used as well. The greatest risk comes from using a combination of progesterone and estrogen.

One other way for hormone stimulation is an uncontrollable factor, the age a woman begins menstruation and menopause. If a girl starts menstruation before 12, or a woman starts menopause before age 55, she will have an increased risk of developing breast cancer. There are ways to decrease that risk though. If a woman has a full-term pregnancy (38 to 40 weeks) before the age of 30 that may decrease her risk. Also, if a woman breast feeds her infant for at least 12 months or breast feeds several children, her risk may also be reduced.

Medication can also be used to prevent breast cancer. Tamoxifen is the most commonly used and others are being researched right now for their potential use in preventing breast cancer. Tamoxifen is often prescribed to women who have an increased risk of developing breast cancer, either because of genetic factors or other risk factors. This medication works by blocking how estrogen affects the cells in your breast. There are several serious risks associated with tamoxifen use however. These include an increased risk of uterine cancer, stroke and blood clots in the legs or lungs. You need to see your doctor immediately if you develop any symptom of these side effects.

Some women may choose to surgically remove their breasts in order to prevent breast cancer. This is called a preventive mastectomy. This is usually done by women who have a strong family history of breast cancer, as in several women (usually a woman's mother, sisters and/or aunts) in the family have been diagnosed with breast cancer. This surgery reduces the risk of breast cancer by as much as 90%.

Another type of surgery that may be performed to reduce the risk of breast cancer is a prophylactic oophorectomy, or elective surgery to remove the ovaries. This helps reduce the risk of breast cancer because the hormones produced by the ovaries increases a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. The genetic mutations that increase breast cancer risk may also increase a woman's chances of developing ovarian cancer. By removing her ovaries, a woman can dramatically decrease her chances of developing either type of cancer.

A woman's choice of foods and lifestyle may increase her risk of breast cancer. There seems to be a connection between obesity and breast cancer. Some studies have shown that obese women have a higher chance of developing breast cancer because of an increased amount of estrogen in their systems. Another study has shown that women who regularly eat high-fat foods have an increased risk of dying from breast cancer, not just developing it, compared to women from the same population that eat low-fat foods. These two studies suggest that an exercise program and a low-fat diet may decrease your chances of developing breast cancer. One lifestyle choice that may increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer is alcohol drinking. Studies have shown that drinking alcohol may slightly increase a woman's risk of developing breast cancer. This does not mean that every woman who had a drink to celebrate her birthday or job promotion is at greater risk of cancer. The study suggested that current drinking had more of an impact on the risk than drinking as a young adult.

Michael Russell

Your Independent guide to Breast Cancer

Buying a (PC) Personal Computer

BabySkim Guide To Traveling With Baby

Traveling with a baby can sometimes mean that you are so consumed with ensuring that you have everything you need to care for the baby on the trip that you forget things you need for yourself. The best thing to do is to prepare a checklist of what you need and then check off each item as you pack it.

A sample checklist should include the following items:

Diapers/ pampers

Blankets

Sleepers

Baby wipes

Baby lotion and soap

Extra pacifiers

Bottle

Formula, food, water and/or juice

Resealable plastic bags

Extra clothes - at least one or two outfits per day

Nightlight

Car seat

Portable crib

Collapsible stroller

Sun hat and sun screen Toys

Plastic for use in changing the baby

Any necessary medicines

Extra shirt for yourself

Burping pad

Washable bibs

Feeding spoons

Kettle, if the hotel room does not have kitchen facilities

The packing for a trip involving a baby should start weeks in advance to ensure that no detail is overlooked. As you pack each item or article, check to make sure you have added extra in case of accidents.

Simply go through a sample day at home and make a list of everything the baby needs when not travelling. Add extra to the list. Bring a camera and plenty of film or if you use a digital ensure that the memory card can store lots of pictures.

Car Safety Tips

The single biggest threat to your babies life as documented every year by every relevant US government agency is the threat when they are travelling in the car with you, friends or family.

Here are a few tips to make sure your baby will always be safe when travelling in a car.

Car Seats

When buying a car seat, make sure you look for;

A label that clearly states that it meets or exceeds the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards

That the car seat is setup exactly and will suit a child of your weight and height

Really be that the seat you choose fits your child perfectly - Infants one year or younger and up to 20 pounds must be placed in a rear-facing seat, toddlers (older than 1 year and between 20 and 40 pounds) may use a forward-facing seat, and children who are between 40 and 80 pounds need to be placed in a booster seat.

Check recent car seat recalls before making a purchase

Be aware of the type of seat belts your car has; all car seats are not compatible with all seat belts

Consider choosing a seat that is upholstered in fabric - it may be more comfortable for your child.

Free Play vs. Real Money Online Backgammon

Being Forty is Not the End of the World Don't Let a Number Get You Down

So many people dread becoming forty. Why? Is it really that bad? The answer is definitely o. There are a multitude of reasons why being a little older is nothing to fear. Being a little older has its benefits. It's all a matter of keeping a positive attitude and making the best of your life.

Remember, it's only a number

If you talk to someone in their 80's, they will think you are still a child. You aren't old, just a little older than you used to be. Look at it this way; you know yourself better than you did at twenty, and now avoid the situations you had once been in, out of knowledge of what does and does not work. For example, bad relationships - through trial and error we learn what is good for us and what is not when it comes to the opposite sex. You've been there and done that. Maybe all life's questions aren't answered by now, but you are a lot more savvy to the world than you used to be through life experience. Years do that, they teach. Now that some painful past lessons have been taught, they don't need to be re-learned unless you ignored them the first time around.

Don't feel that you'll never attract a mate because you are over 40

That is nonsense. If you want to date, then date. Men who want twenty-year olds are not men you want to be with anyways. I have a certain feeling of relief not to feel the need to stuff myself in push-up bras, live in high-heels and look like a Stepford wife. I am myself, and haven't let myself go, but am no longer chained to trying to please others with my looks. When I was younger, it seemed that looks mattered so much. Now, who cares..looking good is relative. Take care of yourself mentally and spiritually. Be yourself and attract someone good for you, not someone who expects you to dress or look a certain way. Been there, done that. I learned my lessons and am glad to be done with them. Celebrate what you do have instead of what you don't have.

Do you have a loving family, a safe place to live or peace of mind?

If so, great, be proud of this. If not, then work to get these things. It's your choice how you react to the world around you so choose to think more positively about life and the good things in it. Be glad to have good health. So many people in the world are incapacitated or ill in some way, so be glad you are doing well. When I had back trouble, it humbled me and showed me how important it is to be good to my body. I stopped carrying ten bags of groceries at a time, and carrying too many heavy things. Another lesson learned. Value your health, it is the most precious asset you have.

Wrinkles? Eye Bags? Jowls?

First of all, you're your own worst critic. Chances are, any changes in your face are not that bad. If you are totally horrified about your appearance, you can always contact a plastic surgeon. Or, live with them and just look at them as proof that you are mature and not old yet, just a little older. Not a big deal unless you make it one. Just go with the flow. I had a chemical peel and laser treatment done a year ago, it was like going to a spa and not highly invasive. It took slight discolorations from the sun off my face, helping me be happier about my appearance. It has lasted a long time, and if I feel the need to do it again someday, I will. Don't worry, you won't look like someone who hit a wind tunnel, and all the skin is pushed back. Nope, that is for those addicted to plastic surgery who have gone too far with facelifts. The chemical peel and laser treatment didn't change my skin color and the afternoon session actually felt good. I recommend it highly.

Feeling overweight and want to fit back into those high school clothes?

Then prepare to work it off by daily exercise, cutting back on fat and watching what you eat in general. Throughout my life, my weight has gone up and down, depending on who I broke up with. Every time a relationship ended, I gained weight, then I'd get my second wind and work it off. Identify your eating triggers, and build discipline. Don't let food rule you, enjoy eating but in moderation. I like to cut my portions in half, if something is fattening, rather than deny myself an occaisional splurge. Then, you have two portions instead of one, and you get double the pleasure. It's a good thing.

Whatever the case may be, don't feel down about being forty. You will adjust and in a good way. It pays to be careful of your health, to ward off any future problems, and enjoy your life to the fullest while you are still young. Yes, you are still young. Talk to people who are much older and they will reassure that their lives were probably just beginning at forty. Think positive, and just go with the flow.

Carolyn McFann is a scientific and nature illustrator, who owns Two Purring Cats Design Studio, which can be seen at: http://www.cafepress.com/twopurringcats . Educated at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York, Carolyn is a seasoned, well-traveled artist, writer and photographer. She has lived and worked in Cancun, Mexico, among other interesting professional assignments in other countries. Clients include nature parks, museums, scientists, corporations and private owners. She has been the subject of tv interviews, articles for newspapers and other popular media venues.

Discount Real Estate Agents in Los Angeles

Each year, millions of United States residents make the decision to sell their home. If you are interested in becoming one of those individuals, you have a number of ways that you can go about selling your home. A large number of homeowners privately sell their own home, but even more obtain professional assistance.

If you live in or around the Los Angeles area, that assistance can come from a discount real estate agent. Discount real estate agents are agents that offer their services for a low or discounted price. Unfortunately, a large number of individuals believe that there is no such thing as a discount real estate agent. Los Angeles residents that believe this misconception could be paying more than they need to for real estate assistance.

To differentiate traditional real estate agents from discount real estate agents, you will have to determine the cost of using the services provided by each agent. This can easily be done by price comparison. Similar to comparing prices at your local supermarket, you will need to obtain price quotes from a number of Los Angeles real estate agents. After the information has been obtained, you can easily compare the prices to find the lowest fees.

The cost of service is not the only thing that should be examined when finding a discount real estate agent. Los Angeles residents are also urged to examine the services offered by each real estate agent. The service offered by each agent is important in determining what type of service you will receive for your money.

When examining the fees of discount real estate agents, it is likely that you will see their services differ from traditional real estate agents. The services are often not as inclusive as those offered by full price real agents. Just because the same services are not offered, does not mean that you should stop searching for a discount real estate agent. Los Angeles residents have found success using the services of a discount real estate agent. Many are more concerned with the amount of money they will be saving versus the level of service they would receive.

When searching for a discount real estate agent, you may find that there are only a select number of agents that can be considered discounted. This is because most real estate agents charge full price for their services. If you are interested in quickly finding a discount real estate agent, without having to compare a number of fees, you can use the internet to your advantage. You can easily perform a standard internet search to find a discount real estate agent. Los Angeles residents often search for agents this way.

Whichever way you choose to search for discount real estate agents, it is important to remember that they do exist. Do not believe hearsay from other homeowners or denials from full priced competitors. With a little bit of research, you can find a discount real estate agent. Los Angeles residents have been finding them for years and now you can too.

Brad Horn is a writer for 1 percent realtor where you can find a great resource for information regarding a Los Angeles Discount Real Estate Agent.

10 Big Mistakes Novice Real Estate Investors Make

Buying real estate is as popular as ever, and it seems pretty straightforward at first glace. With mortgage interest rates at all time lows and plenty of real estate to buy, many investors truly believe that they can do a bit of cosmetic work, accessorize a bit, and then put up the for rent or for sale sign. Unfortunately, it is not quite that easy and there are some common mistakes that can be avoided if one plans ahead and truly understands what he or she is getting into before investing.

Don't Fall In Love

The first rule of thumb when you are investing in real estate is that you cannot fall in love with any one property. When you are looking at real estate to buy for investment purposes you can't think like a homeowner, you must think like a business owner. Don't think about what you like about a home or a piece of real estate, think about how well it will sell or rent in the current market.

Not Exercising Due Diligence

When you invest in real estate you can't simply invest if the property looks good at face value. A very thorough inspection of the structure needs to be done as well as research on the local market. One must also look into the vacancy rates and average rents for homes or structures that are comparable. A diligent business owner will also look into how the neighborhood is zoned as well as any regulations that will apply to the rental property. You will also want to check into how many other rental properties are in the area and if they are comparable to the property you are looking at.

Forgetting the Rule about Time and Money

Many new investors forget that all home improvements are not as cheap and as straightforward and they hoped that they would be. The rule that most investor's use is that it will take twice as long and three times the money than you would think to ready a unit for rent or sale. Real estate isn't transformed over night, so one must plan accordingly. Failing to plan ahead for this can leave you in a real bind where you lose money because you don't have the resources to complete a project.

Believing You'll Secure the Lowest Mortgage Rates

Television can be very deceiving for those that are in the real estate investment business. The low mortgage rates are not offered for just anyone, they are for owner occupied homes, which are considered much less of a risk than a unit that is rented out. Homes that will not be owner occupied will experience mortgage rates that are 1.5 to 2% higher, which can make for a huge difference in monthly payments for the investor and his or her tenants. You also need to be aware of your credit, if you have terrible credit you won't have much luck getting a loan, but the better your credit is the better your rate will be.

Failing to Pre-Screen Tenants

Many new landlords are so anxious to get their new tenants moved in that they forget all about screening them to be sure that they have a relatively clean credit history, they are gainfully employed, and that they have a good rental history. While screening tenants can take a bit longer than you might like to wait, it's easier to get this done than to try to evict a tenant. It's always better to pre-screen than deal with the headaches later.

Breaking Your Own Rules

New investors often set business rules for themselves, and then occasionally they get a bit soft. If you have established rules about what day the rent is due, pet policies, waterbeds, or lawn care, stick with those rules. The minute you stop obeying your own rules you set your self up for disaster. If you stick to your rules and you refuse to break them no matter the situation, you will find that you are much more successful in a business sense.

Investing in Obscure Areas

Generally, it is not a good idea to invest in properties that you cannot visit regularly. Long distance real estate investments leave you out in the cold and you may have no idea what is going on in or around your property. It is a good rule of thumb to only invest in areas that you live.

Paying More than the Property Is Worth

New investors often do not do the proper research and end up paying more for a property than it is worth. When you are investing you have to think about yourself, even if that means that you have to low-ball the seller at first. Investing in real estate is all about getting the right price for you. You need to know that you can cover your mortgage and your expenses from a rental payment, so really consider what the local market will allow.

Failing to Look into the Competition

It's a good idea to look at the competition, especially if they are successful. Lower payments, exciting features, and more will often help fill rental units. Pay attention to what works in your area and duplicate it if possible.

Not Acquiring Enough Insurance

Being under insured is a common mistake of new real estate investors. You need to know that your insurance company will cover accidents on the property as well as damage due to fires or natural disasters.

As you can see, there are a lot of mistakes that you can make. Luckily, if you plan ahead and do not rush into real estate investment you can avoid a lot of these pitfalls, saving you a lot of time and money. Avoiding mistakes will help you become a much more successful real estate investor.

Andrew owns a website that offers useful guide on real estate business. Vist his website at: http://www.buy-and-sell-house-fast.com/ for more tips.

Nursing in Crisis: How Hospitals are Dealing with the Shortage

The Current State of Nursing

Healthcare delivery has undergone critical change over the last several years, and the nursing profession has changed along with it. The end result: A reduction in the supply of qualified, experienced nurses. Those who remain are working under conditions of heavier case loads, technological complexity and increased acuity of patients. A condition which once warranted a lengthy in-patient stay is now treated on an out-patient basis, largely because of managed care requirements.

According to Debbie Pickup, Director of Human Resources at Southcoast Healthcare System and a former R.N., The nurse's role of patient care is the same, but the importance has escalated. Since hospital stays are shorter, a patient who undergoes surgery used to stay for one week, but now only stays two to three days. Nurses must assist the patient to bring him or her to a functioning level and put together a plan to support the patient and assure quality care, while discharging sooner. According to Barbara Munro, Dean of Nursing at Boston College, Nurses have said that the problem has been the working conditions - too few nurses, not enough support, an uncertain future, and forced overtime.

The role of patient families has also changed in the last decade. Both patients and their families are more educated and involved in the process, according to David DeJesus, Vice President of Human Resources at Southcoast Healthcare System. Families used to trust the care of the patient to physicians and nurses; now it's common that family members stay 24 hours a day, ask questions about the care, and put more demands on the nurses.

Reasons for the Shortage

The current shortage in qualified, experienced nurses is not expected to improve over the next several years. In fact, the majority of senior level nurses and nurse managers are reaching retirement age. As they exit the profession, fewer nurses will be available or willing to assume a management role. The current climate of understaffing, 24-hour shifts, increased management responsibility, and increased acuity of patients often leaves younger nurses reluctant to fill the gap.

Dean Munro sees the problem continuing. Most nurses are around 45 years old, white, suburban women, 80% of whom are currently working full-time. As they retire, they often leave because they're burnt out; unfortunately, there are simply not enough nurses to replace them.

Only a few years ago, industry analysts were stating that there was an over supply of nurses - not so anymore. Why aren't there enough nurses to replace those who are retiring or leaving the profession? Hiring managers are finding that younger Baby Boomers and Generation Xers are no longer viewing nursing as a viable profession because of the difficult work environment combined with a desire for more control, quality and balance in their lives. In addition, women have more choices of fields to enter. As one 20-year nursing veteran put it, There are simply more options open to bright women interested in healthcare; before there was only nursing - now there is 'medicine'. I recently took my daughter to work one day, but frankly, I'm not encouraging her to become a nurse. The working conditions are horrendous, the responsibility is huge, patients are acute, and the workload index is high.

According to Dean Munro, the national level of enrollment for nursing is down, although applicants to Boston College have risen. Of 20,000 applicants, only the upper echelon (about 2,000) is accepted. Boston College, Yale, and other academic institutions are forming accelerated programs to attract those who wish to change careers. Accelerated programs enroll people who already hold bachelor's degrees in other fields into a one-year intensive nursing program or a two-year master's program. The average age range for program applicants is 25 to 35 years old.

Debbie Pickup from Southcoast Healthcare System witnessed an increase in the average age of incoming nurses. The age of new nurses used to be around 21 or 22; now graduates have varied ages, often in the mid-30's. For many of them, nursing is a second career. They enter into a more acute clinical environment, where patients are sicker and more complex. Although schools have changed the curriculum, entry level grads have only basic skills - there is a great gap in the readiness of the individual.

How Hospitals Attract and Retain Nurses

Hospitals must now compete with one another to attract and retain nurses in a very competitive market. Southcoast's DeJesus notes that some hospitals are using preceptor programs to ease the transition of new graduates into high-paced, technologically complex clinical settings. Since new grads need more clinical experience, many hospitals create a professional development transition program. In addition to a week-long orientation, this program combines classroom time, and practical time with an experienced staff member for six months. This mentor relationship helps with a gradual introduction. Preceptors are trained and compensated. Mentors are often volunteers. It is a supportive transition that has received a very positive response.

Hospitals have had to be flexible in their approach to overcome the shortage. Use of travel nurses, for example, fills gaps whenever needed. Many nurses, particularly older nurses, often work per diem to keep working without the pressure of a full-time commitment. During a shortage in the early 80's, some Boston-area hospitals even recruited nurses from other countries, such as Ireland. Other approaches include sign-on bonuses worth several thousands of dollars, referral bonuses, and flexible hours. Flexibility of hours may allow nurses to work three 16-hour days, for example, with the next four days off. For women with children, a flexible schedule can be very important.

Southcoast's Debbie Pickup adds, Most hospitals are now focusing on retention. It is becoming critical to pay attention to all factors that are important to RNs in the clinical setting: having a voice and the ability to have some control over the practice of nursing. For example, a unit council meeting takes place on a regular basis and identifies issues and concerns to patient care. Years ago the nurse manager addressed this issue. Now TQM requires that more people are included in the problem solving and decision-making. Staff members are more involved in operational issues. Although some individuals still prefer that management fix all the problems, for the most part it works quite well.

Pickup added, The professional relationship between the nurses and physicians plays a factor on retention of nurses. If there is a good relationship, one that is consultative, respectful, and supportive, then job satisfaction is increased. If, on the other hand, the relationship is not positive, there is a higher turnover in the nursing staff.

Dean Munro strongly suggests that hospitals work closely with the nurses to determine their needs and establish their value to the organization. Perhaps the best ICU ever created was when nurses worked with the architects to design the unit. They designed a better unit simply by talking with the nurses.

Her advice to hospital management: Work with the nurses to see what is needed to improve job satisfaction. The number one concern is not always salary - it has to do with improving working conditions, being recognized for what they do, and obtaining the opportunity to learn new things. Nurses need to get a sense that they have done a good job for their patients. Listen to the nurses. Empower them. Make them part of the process. That process will be improved and so will the quality of patient care.

This article is drawn from Phillips DiPisa's Thought Leadership Library. You can find more perspectives on managing today's complex healthcare organizations on our Web site at www.PhillipsDiPisa.com.

Phillips, DiPisa & Associates

62 Derby Street

Hingham, MA 02043

telephone: 781-740-9064

www.PhillipsDiPisa.com

Copyright (c) 2007. Phillips, DiPisa & Associates.
About the Author

As a principal of Phillips DiPisa, Dan Phillips conducts executive leadership searches for the firm's healthcare clients. Before launching Phillips DiPisa, Dan held financial leadership positions at St. Elizabeth's Medical Center and Franciscan Children's Hospital, both in Boston. His strong track record of building long-term relationships demonstrates the trust clients place in him.